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What is the Eto (干支)?

The Chinese zodiac as used in Japan — twelve animals on a 12-year cycle, embedded in everyday life.

The eto (干支) is the East Asian zodiac, with twelve animals rotating year by year. In Japan you'll see it on New Year's cards (nengajō), in horoscopes, and woven into traditional calendars and superstitions.

Origins

Strictly, the eto is a 60-year cycle pairing the ten "celestial stems" (十干 / jikkan) with the twelve "earthly branches" (十二支 / jūnishi). In casual use today, "eto" usually refers to just the twelve animals.

The twelve animals

The order is fixed and the animals each carry traits and symbolism. The table below shows each animal with its kanji, romaji, and the most recent matching Western years.

Rat

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Quick-witted and resourceful.

2016 · 2004 · 1992

Honest, patient, hardworking.

2017 · 2005 · 1993

Tiger

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Brave, confident, charismatic.

2018 · 2006 · 1994

Rabbit

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Gentle, elegant, kind-hearted.

2019 · 2007 · 1995

Dragon

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Charismatic, lucky, ambitious.

2020 · 2008 · 1996

Snake

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Wise, calm, intuitive.

2021 · 2009 · 1997

This year

Horse

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Energetic, independent, social.

2022 · 2010 · 1998

Sheep

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Gentle, creative, compassionate.

2023 · 2011 · 1999

Monkey

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Witty, curious, sociable.

2024 · 2012 · 2000

Rooster

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Diligent, observant, frank.

2025 · 2013 · 2001

Dog

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Loyal, honest, protective.

2026 · 2014 · 2002

Boar

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Sincere, brave, generous.

2015 · 2003 · 1991